The Importance Of Literacy :: Literacy Essays

Rita Mae Brown describes literacy as,a social contract, an agreed upon representation of veritable symbols (420). Ifthe symbols (letters) meanings are not agreed upon by those attempting tocommunicate, then interpreting one another becomes difficult. Simply stated,literacy is very primary(prenominal). Society has proven time and time again, it pass onreward those individuals who are competent and impede those who are not, whetherexpressed in terms of employment opportunities (job success) or just on a sociallevel. wizard need look no further than their everyday activities in order torealize how important literary skills are. Without adequate literary skills onemay not be able to identify on a label the correct amount of medicine to give achild, or read and interpret a sign giving instructions on what to do in case ofa fire. These two examples bring perspective to literacys importance.Nevertheless, recent surveys have indicated that, 4.5 million Canadians,representing 24 percent of the eighteen-and-over group, can be consideredilliterate (Adult Illiteracy 5). Illiteracy is truly a problem within Canada.Although many groups are working to compel the problem of illiteracy, much workstill lies ahead.As our society moves on into the next century literacy is proving vitalto economic performance. Without basic literary skills in ones will power theywill become lost in our rapidly changing society. The modern worker must beable to adapt to the changing job-scene. This often marrow gathering new skillsand knowledge from printed material, whether instruction manuals, computerprograms, or classroom training (text books). It is quite commonly the casethat highly skilled jobs require a high level of literacy. Therefore, literaryskill level is an important factor in predicting an individuals economicsuccess. It will affect an individuals income, their employment stability andwhether they even nonplus employment opportunities.Presently, our world revolves around liter acy. Simply being literateallows one to continuously upgrade ones literary skills to a higher level. Itallows one to stay sure of happenings in and around the world throughmediums such as newspapers and magazines. Knowing current news about what isgoing on in this ever changing world of ours is the key to staying ahead.Another thought to ponder is this, we rely on those with high literacy levels torecord and document findings and happenings for future generations to reflect on.These writings would most believably be dull and inaccurate or would not exist atall without our current levels of literacy.When viewed from a social standpoint, literacy remains just as importantas when viewed from the economic standpoint. Linda Macleod of the NationalAssociations Active in Criminal Justice, points out that, 65 percent of people

Capital Punishment Essay: Clarifying Impressions of Death Penalty :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Clarifying Impressions of Capital Punishment There are many false impressions floating round through American society concerning the death penalty this paper hopes to clarify some of the more prominent, noticeable ones. Does the death penalty deter? Scientific studies direct consistently failed to find convincing evidence that the death penalty deters crime more effectively than other punishments. The most recent survey of research findings on the relation between the death penalty and homicide rates, conducted for the United Nations in 1988 and updated in 1996, concluded Research has failed to provide scientific proof that executions have a great deterrent effect than life imprisonment and such proof is unlikely to be forthcoming. The evidence as a whole still gives no autocratic support to the deterrent hypothesis...(Hood 238) Reviewing the evidence on the relation between changes in the use of the death penalty and crime rates, a study conducted for the United Nations in 1 988 and updated in 1996 stated that the fact that all the evidence continues to point in the same direction is persuasive a priori evidence that countries need not upkeep sudden and serious changes in the curve of crime if they reduce their reliance upon the death penalty.(Edwin) Recent crime figures from abolishmentist countries fail to show that abolition has harmful effects. In Canada, the homicide rate per 100,000 population bestial from a peak of 3.09 in 1975, the year before the abolition of the death penalty for murder, to 2.41 in 1980, and since accordingly it has declined further. In 1999, 23 years after abolition, the homicide rate was 1.76 per 100,000 population, 43 per cent lower than in 1975. The total number of homicides reported in the country fell in 1999 for the third straight year.(Hood 253) One of the most important developments in recent years has been the adoption of international treaties whereby states commit themselves to not having the death penalty. common chord such treaties now exist * The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which has now been ratified by 46 states. Seven other states have signed the Protocol, indicating their intention to become parties to it at a later date. * Protocol No. 6 to the European Convention for the security department of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights), which has now been ratified by 39 European states and signed by three others.

Capital Punishment Essay: Clarifying Impressions of Death Penalty :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Clarifying Impressions of Capital Punishment There are many false impressions floating around through American society concerning the terminal penalisation this paper hopes to clarify some of the more prominent, noticeable ones. Does the death penalty deter? Scientific studies have consistently failed to find convincing test that the death penalty deters iniquity more effectively than other punishments. The most recent survey of research findings on the similarity between the death penalty and homicide localizes, conducted for the united Nations in 1988 and updated in 1996, concluded Research has failed to provide scientific proof that executions have a greater deterrent effect than life imprisonment and much(prenominal) proof is unlikely to be forthcoming. The evidence as a whole still gives no positive support to the deterrent hypothesis...(Hood 238) Reviewing the evidence on the relation between changes in the use of the death penalty and crime rates, a study conducted for the United Nations in 1988 and updated in 1996 stated that the fact that all the evidence continues to point in the same direction is persuasive a priori evidence that countries need not fear sudden and serious changes in the curve of crime if they reduce their reliance upon the death penalty.(Edwin) Recent crime figures from abolitionist countries fail to show that abolition has harmful effects. In Canada, the homicide rate per 100,000 population cast from a peak of 3.09 in 1975, the year before the abolition of the death penalty for murder, to 2.41 in 1980, and since then it has declined further. In 1999, 23 years after abolition, the homicide rate was 1.76 per 100,000 population, 43 per cent lower than in 1975. The total number of homicides reported in the country fell in 1999 for the third straight year.(Hood 253) One of the most important developments in recent years has been the adoption of international treaties whereby states commit themselves to not having the death penalty. Three such treaties now exist * The Second ex gratia Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which has now been ratified by 46 states. Seven other states have signed the Protocol, indicating their goal to become parties to it at a later date. * Protocol No. 6 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights), which has now been ratified by 39 European states and signed by three others.

Social Work Essay

History of favorable lick influences current passe-part go forth practice In this essay I will outline the diachronic origins of mixer lend in Ireland. I will examine how the art emerged from charity naturalize in the 19th century to evolve into the profession it is today. To lead off with it is important to define the term friendly influence. The Oxford English Dictionary (1989) defines societal work as work of benefit to those in need of booster, especially original or voluntary service of a specialised nature concerned with community welfare and family or well-disposed problems arising mainly from poverty, mental or fleshly handicap, maladjustment, delinquency etc. According to Skehill (1999) accessible work in Ireland has evolved over for phases all of which will be discussed in this essay. The first of these was the emergence of social work in the 19th century through voluntary work carried out by various organisations, followed by the early 20th century when pr ofessional social work in Ireland began, the third phase as described by Skehill (1999) saw the growth in social work employment and training in Ireland.The final phase in the history of social work brings us from the 1950s up to the present day which has seen the evolution of social work into the profession it is today. According to Skehill (1999) social work in most cases around the world has emerged from voluntary philanthropy. This is true for the case of social work in Ireland. The history of social work in Ireland begins in the late 19th century, in which religion and charity played important roles. The beginning of social work can be related to charity work. In England work similar to that of social work today was carried out by the Charitable Organisation Society. In Ireland in 1902 G.W. Williams actual a register for all charities operating in Dublin. He found that there were four hundred and one charities in Dublin at that time. all(a) of these charities were operating se parately. Charity work and philanthropy during the 19th century in Ireland was organised by various charities, institutions and individuals, each of these worked individually to help the poor and those in need. Their work was in areas such as providing material resources, parenting skills and education.The rational for this philanthropy included a humanitarian concern, a desire to regulate the poor and in particular to regulate women and a concern for maintaining social order and morality. This philanthropy work that was carried out in the 19th century can now be identified as various professions such asteaching, nursing and social work. Along with this work and in addition to it Catholic and Protestant religious orders were carrying out charity work such as home visits to the poor, visiting prisons, workhouses, descendting up orphanages and schools and providing homes for unmarried mothers. The rivalry between the religions meant that in addition to providing for the poor they wer e withal trying to promote their religion. As stated in Luddy (1995) the differences between the Catholic and Protestant charities was the way in which they carried out their work.Catholic run charities tended to focus on providing a range of services, whereas Protestant charities tended to provided services on a specialist basis. Religious orders at the time were opposed to State intervention in comparison to educational and residential services and also more broadly within the area of philanthropy in the community. This was based on the belief that charity could be best provided by voluntary services, who could distinguish between the deserving and undeserving poor. Catholicism remained very strong and influential in Ireland and so Catholic set and principles became a central aspect to social work in Ireland up to the 1960s (Skehill, 1999). The early 20th century brought change to social work in Ireland. In the early decennarys of the century, particularly until the 1930s soci al work continued to be dominated by voluntary charity work and religious orders, who center on providing relief for the poor and providing institutional care for children, women, the disabled, mentally ill and others in need. Much of the charity work carried out at this time was think on providing help for the deserving poor (Skehill, 1999).The Catholic church continued to be influential in the delivery of social work and it saw social work as a means of providing spiritual assistance to the poor. Those who were deemed undeserving could avail of charity services if they would engage with the Catholic Church. As stated in Skehill (1999) An Annual Report in 1922 by the National Council of the Society of St Vincent de Paul explains how one man who was seen as being undeserving was given charitable help when he agreed to return to his religion. However the 20th century was also the time when social work began to become more professionalised and emerged in Ireland as an occupation. I n 1912 the first college course in Civic and Social Work was established in Alexandra College in Dublin. According to Skehill (1999) In 1919 the first social doer was employed in Ireland by the AdelaideHospital, Dublin, Miss Alcock was employed to work with individuals and families.Following the employed of the first social worker, during the 1930s and the 1940s a significant number of social workers were employed in hospitals. In these early years of social work education, there was a range of views on what was the best kind of social work teaching. Despite courses being offered by the Civic Institute of Ireland, most aspiring Irish social workers travelled to England or America for professional social work training. The 20th century saw the growth and evolution of social work in Ireland both in terms of a growing number of adept and employed social workers and also the expansion of the voluntary and charity social work, very little difference existed between voluntary and profe ssional social workers at this time (Skehill, 1999). The third phase in the history of social work in Ireland according to Skehill (1999) included the traditional charity work carried out by the Catholic Church but also saw the evolution of social work as an occupation. The Catholic Church exerted much power over the Irish State and society, this meant that social services developed in such a way as so the Church and its voluntary organisations could maintain power and have got over social services such as childcare, education, family support and working with unmarried mothers in order to enforce their ideas in relation to the family and morality.From the mid 1960s the Irish State began to develop a comprehensive welfare programme which saw much of the responsibility for social services shift from the Catholic Church to the State. The profession of social work began to make significant progress following the States creation of positions in the public service. Yet the expansion in s ocial work occurred in an ad hoc nature based on the existing needs in areas such as health and probation with very little future planning. The study increase in social work during the 1950s and 1960s was the expansion of training in Ireland. The first social acquisition degree in Ireland was introduced in 1954 in University College Dublin. Following this Trinity College, Dublin introduced a social science degree in 1962, followed three years later by University College Cork. These social science degrees covered many social work topics and allowed graduates to work as social workers without being professional qualified. Although the number of social workers was still relatively low by the 1950s the profession had expanded and social workers were now working in areas such as psychiatry, adoptionand fostering (Skehill, 1999).As already discussed the number of professional social workers in Ireland began to grow form the 1950s, however the number of social workers in employment in t he 1970s remained significantly low. A report by the Irish Association of Social Workers in 1971 states that there were ninety seven social workers with post graduate training working in Ireland. The majority of these social workers were employed as medical social workers. In addition to this social workers were employed by voluntary organisations, in industrial services and as psychiatrical social workers. Only one social worker, who had a post graduate qualification, was employed working with children (Skehill, 1999).Phase four in the history of social work in Ireland according to Skehill (1999) is defined by the expansion of the profession and change magnitude training of social workers. From the 1990s onwards there were increased employment opportunities. Much of this increased employment for social workers came from statutory agencies such as the Department of Health, Probation and Welfare services and Local Authorities. As stated in Christie (2005) by the end of the decade t here were 1,390 social workers in Ireland, this number increased to just fewer than 2,000 by 2001. By 2001, the majority of social workers were working with children.Much of this increase in social work with children can be attributed to the increased awareness of child abuse and the stand in reported child abuse cases (Ferguson and OReilly, 2001). From a legislative basis The Child Care Act 1991, The Children Act 1997 and the Children Act 2001 have all included for the employment of additional social workers (Irish Statute Book, 2013). As have reports such as The Ryan Report (Ireland. Department of Health and Children, 2009). In 1995 The National Validation Board on Social Work Qualifications and Training was set up. The aim of this organisation was to award the National Qualification of Social Work (NQSW) to professionally accredited social workers. The organisation has done much work to raise the profile of social work in Ireland and to expand the knowledge and information in re lation to social work. From 2013 social workers who wish to work in Ireland must(prenominal) be registered with CORU. CORU was set up to promote high standards of conduct, education, training and competence for social workers and other health and social care professionals (CORU, 2013). In conclusion social work in Ireland has had an interesting history from its initial development ascharity work by religious and secular organisations, through its educational development to its professional development. Social work has developed as a profession from its historical origins, where in 1919 there was just one employed social worker in the country, to today where there is over 2,000 social workers employed in Ireland (Trinity College Dublin, 2014).

Ls311 Unit 4

Kaplan University LS311 Lori Kieffer-Garrison Unit 4 Case Study Kayla Fulrath November 19th, 2012 In this case study, we are look into what constitutes a covenant and when a person is get to honor a contract. In this scenario Carrie offered to sell a preparedness of legal encyclopedias to Antonio for $300. 00. Antonio said that he would esteem about her offer and let her know his decision the next day. Norvel, who had overheard the conversation between Carrie and Antonio, said to Carrie, I accept your offer, and Carrie gave Norvel the books.The next day, Antonio, who had no idea that Carrie had already sold the books to Norvel, told Carrie that he accepted her offer. We need to determine whether or not Carrie is obligated to sell her encyclopedias to Norvel and whether or not she is breaching a contract with Antonio. The answer is yes, Carrie is obligated to sell her encyclopedia set to Norvel, and no, she did not breach a contract with Antonio. For a contract to be considered a contract there are certain(a) basic elements that mustiness be present. First there must be an agreement to form a contract which consists of an offer and an acceptance of that offer.Second, there must be consideration, which consists of a valuable exchange to support the acceptance of an offer. Third, a contract must of contractual capacity, meaning the parties involved must be competent. Lastly, the contract must be legal (Miller and Jentz, 2008). Im going to assume that all parties are of sound mind and that Carrie is not illegally selling her set of encyclopedias because I dont have evidence to the contrary. In the situation with Norvel, I would say a legal contract is established. Carrie has offered a set of encyclopedias for sale.Her premier(prenominal) buyer, Antonio, does not initially accept her offer. Norvel pops up and states that he would accept her offer. So now an agreement is formed, which is part of the elements of a contract being a contract. comity is also es tablished because Norvel has paid Carrie for her encyclopedias. Here an exchange of value has taken place, solidifying the agreement. Assuming the sale is legal and Carrie and Norvell arent crazy, we have ourselves a valid contract, thus Carrie is obligated to sell her encyclopedias to him. In the situation with Antonio, it looks like the making of a contract.Carrie presents an offer to sell Antonio her encyclopedias. Antonio does not initially accept her offer he basically says he will cypher about accepting her offer. So the first element of contract has partially been made. An offer is presented, but there is no acceptance. Had Antonio established consideration for the offer, like possibly offering a deposit for her to hold the encyclopedias and promise not to sell them before he has had time to think about it, then there would be a breach of contract. Antonio, plain and simple, did not accept the contract and did not offer any consideration for the offer.There is no breach of c ontract because no contract ever existed. Although there is no legal obligation for Carrie to sell her encyclopedias to Antonio, I would say there is a moral one. I think in this situation, it would have been morally correct for Carrie to contact Antonio and let him know she had another interested buyer and he needed to get through a decision at that time, not the next day. He should have the first option to buy the books since he was offered them first, from a moral standpoint. References Miller, L. Roger. , & Jentz, A. Gaylord (2008). Fundamentals of avocation Law. Cengage Learning Ohio.

Creating an Engaging Reading

If its tough to write its even tougher to write one that engaging, or is it? I have attest two types of writing that work for me. 1. Writing as execution of Playwild- pom-pom 2. Writing as execution of Plan delineateing The first one is my choice whether its philosophy or science, I prefer the first method. And to be engaging 1. It should start from the reader, creating a wonder in him 2. It should continue creating wonder. . . 3. It should be short, one-sitting reading.Now creating an engaging reading is very more a question of how to make people wonder and curious every time. And one cant create wonder for the sake of it, only an keenness can create that. Ie insight creates a broad POV with respect to the topic which can therefore be used to project it. Wild fire thinking is essential in this regard. And nothing comes out of thin air without thinking, so all in all it does takes time to make a rattling good engaging read, but that time is not addition to the thinking time?And t he thought of making the really dry non fiction, makes it to get integrated with the fiction. And corporal metaphors be also worthy in this regard. In this regard a good writing comes out of play, just as the poet who said , one should obtain writing and writing and writing till it causes, pain infact what he saying is that to let the mind to play and get some data which you can then organize and play the game. Can science be like that, can we make the objective data subjective.No matter what you are trying to say, if you are trying to make sense, make meaning then you must log on to philosophy, fiction, poetry because that what builds and inspires the meaning its not logic and reason as said in Mind in society , homo ludes and in man play and games. What does it mean to have an insight, to have an insight is to have an howling(prenominal) understanding of something, to have an unusual understanding of something, and the good news is its always a result of Play.Resumes, News pap ers atc are written to spread reading while few others are written to spread the meaning. In such cases the best practice would to mirror the writers own mind as he writes. Articles written to spread the meaning are more engaging than the articles written to spread the info. Highly cited research articles regardless of their field are gear up in agreement with this. I. e the piece the writer writes should be a live recorded footage of his learning, so its a matter of play and a little game.Whatever that gets through his head while he is at play, Conversations, pictures, anecdotes etc would be the best thing and best order but one should be aware whether its authentic content or not. And one should decidedly remove stuff which is unauthentic in this regard. A good article/ phonograph recording will be reflection of writers learning, Writers learning as it happened. So writing is not different from learning and its not an extra burden as usually thought. Follow the sense, sound will follow poet Follow the thought with pen, engaging reading will follow Writer

Adjusting Accounting Entries Essay

I sport been asked by my supervisor to mentor a reinvigorated accounting clerk in my department, I am hoping that when Im done mentoring this person that they will understand accounting damp. I am also hoping that my supervisor will be proud of me, and continue asking me to mentor new people, and hopefully give me a raise or a promotion.To better understand accounting we need to know why adjusting entries are so important to a business. Adjusting journal entries are made at the end of severally closing period to adjust the account balances. Most of the time, this is necessary in order to achieve a clean cut-off at the end of the accounting period, and to check the accounts are complete, and accurate. Current account balances may non represent correct balances, because some mistakes were identified in the posting of transactions, and/or the accounting records are not updated to reflect new transactions or amount changes in previous transactions. Examples would include amounts t hat were posted to the wrong accounts, and timing differences in recognizing revenues and expenses between the accrual and the specie basis of accounting. (Adjusting JE, 2010) Adjusting entries sens be either temporary or permanent. If the entry is temporary at some point the adjusting entry will be turn or another adjusting entry will be made to the account.See more Is the Importance of being earnest a satirical play searchI will know explain the four types of adjusting entries ,as well as give an example of each entry from the manufacturing industry. accrue revenues (also called accrued assets) are revenues already earned but not yet paid by the customer or posted to the general leger. An example of accrued revenue would be for a custom ordered machine that has been shipped FOB shipping point on the twenty-four hours the accounts receivable module is closed and the approval to bill the customer has not been received by the billing clerk. An adjusting entry would be recorded to recognize the revenue in the correct period. This entry will reverse when the customer is fitly invoiced. * Accrued Revenue 14,000* Revenue 14,000 Unearned revenues (or deferred revenues) are revenues received in cash and recorded as liabilities prior to being earned. Unearned revenue is a liability to the entity until the revenue is earned. An example of unearned revenue would be if the customer paid a deposit for a custom ordered machine that has not been delivered, the deposit would be recorded as unearned revenue. This type of adjusting entry will be adjusted by another entry. * Revenue 14,000* Deferred Revenue 14,000 Accrued expenses (also called accrued liabilities) are expenses already incurred but not yet paid or recorded. Examples of these types of adjusting entries could be for payroll that has been earned by employees on the last day of the period but not paid until the next payroll date. These types of entries generally reverse the next month. * Salaries spending 89, 000* Salaries Payable 89,000Prepaid expenses (or deferred expenses) are expenses paid in cash and recorded as assets prior to being used. The most common form of an adjusting entry for prepaid expense would be for the used portion of an insurance policy premium these types of adjusting entries are usually permanent. * Insurance Expense 1,000* Prepaid Insurance 1,000 Other adjusting entries include depreciation of fixed assets, allowances for bad debts, and inventory adjustments. * Bad Debt Expense 50 * Allowance for Bad debt 50 (Adjusting EN, 2010)It is also wise to know how these entries are recorded in a computerized accounting system, since everything is now done by computers. At the end of each closing period, usually monthly, a thorough analysis of the trial balance is performed. This analysis include performance budget to unquestionable and month to month to ensure all of the accounts are correctly stated. When an adjusting entry is identified, a journal entry input form is prepared. This form should be back up with source documents that justify the entry and reviewed and approved by the appropriate level of accounting management. Once the approval has been obtained, the journal entry is keyed into the general ledger system as either a standard or self-reversing journal entry. The journal entry is than posted to the general ledger.There is also ethical issues that can arise if these entries are not posted correctly, Adjusting journal entries are a good way for management to manipulate financial results by either accruing more revenue or expenses than appropriate, and for fraudsters to hide skimming, which is the misappropriation of cash. It is extremely important to understand that each adjusting journal entry must be fully supported and approved.If you have any questions about what I have explained to you please dont hesitate to ask me anything, I am here to help you succeed in this business, and in this firm.